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= Unix-Tools - Teil 1 (für Anfänger) =
= Bash 1 =


⚫
= Files, Directories, Working Directory =
= login, logout =
* Login screen
* Bash-Kommandos
* Logout
⚫
[[UnixTools01_01|genauer]]

* Wer bin ich und wo?
** id
** who
** hostname
** hostory
⚫
[[UnixTools01_01a|genauer]]

== ssh - login on a different computer ==
* ssh redlich@gruenau.informatik.hu-berlin.de
* hostname -f
* uname -a
⚫
[[UnixTools01_02|genauer]]

⚫
== Files, Directories, Working Directory ==
* ls
* ls
* pwd
* pwd
Line 29: Line 10:




== Path Names ==
= Path Names =
* a/b/c relativer Path
* a/b/c relativer Path
* /a/b/c absoluter Path
* /a/b/c absoluter Path
* usage of <TAB> when entering file names in bash
* usage of <TAB> when entering file names in bash


⚫
* ~/..
* ., .., und andere Dateien di emit . beginnen, z.B. .bash_rc
* /tmp/../etc/../../bin/../usr
* ls -la
* /usr/bin/././..
⚫
[[UnixTools01_04|genauer]]


⚫
* ../a
* ./a


== basic shell commands ==
= Basic Shell Commands =
* cat
* cat
* touch
* touch
Line 46: Line 27:
* mkdir
* mkdir
* rmdir
* rmdir
⚫
* mv
⚫
[[UnixTools01_05|genauer]]


Q&E:
# Was passiert, wenn Sie mit rmdir ein Verzeichnis löschen wollen, das nicht leer ist?


⚫
= Using Wildcards to identify files =
⚫
* echo Hello World
* echo *


⚫
== Using Wildcards to identify files ==
⚫
* ls *
* ls *
* ls *
* ls *.*
* ls *.*
Line 59: Line 41:
* ls *a*
* ls *a*


* rm /tmp/a*
⚫
* echo Hello World
* echo *
* ls /tmp/[a-c]*
⚫
* ls /*/bin/a*
⚫
[[UnixTools01_06|genauer]]




= Editor - Erstellen und Bearbeiten von Text-Dateie n=
== Editor==
* nano
* nano
* alternatives: vi, vim, nedit, emacs
* alternatives: vi, vim, nedit, emacs
[[UnixTools01_07|genauer]]




== basic tools ==
= more basic tools =
* more
* more
* wc
* wc
⚫
* tail
* grep
* grep
⚫
* tail
* head
* find
* find
* Expert Tipp: grep muster $(find / -name patern -print)
[[UnixTools01_08|genauer]]




== Redirection - part 1 ==
= Getting help =
⚫
* grep --help
[[UnixTools01_09|genauer]]



⚫
= Redirection - part 1 =
redirecting output of a programm to another file
redirecting output of a programm to another file
* ls /bin/a* > file.txt
* ls /bin/a* > file.txt
Line 89: Line 81:
* wc < file.txt
* wc < file.txt


let the output of programm be used as input of another progra,
let the output of programm be used as input of another program
* ls -lisa /bin | more
* ls -lisa /bin | more
* ls -lisa /bin | wc
* ls -lisa /bin | wc
[[UnixTools01_10|genauer]]

⚫
== Redirection, Wildcards - part 2 ==
⚫
* << END
⚫
* ls * 2> /dev/null
⚫
* grep 2>&1 | more

* ~/file.txt
* ~redlich/file2.txt




= Argumente mit Sonderzeichen =
== Advanced filenames ==
⚫
* ls [a-c]*
* touch "Good Morning"
* touch "Good Morning"
* touch '$*()#!'
* touch '$*()#!'
[[UnixTools01_12|genauer]]


Q&E:
# Legen Sie eine Datei an, die 'Hello World!" heisst (mit Leerzeichen), und löschen Sie diese Datei anschliessend wieder.
# Löschen Sie im aktuellen Verzeichnis eine Datei, die '--help' heisst
# Legen Sie eine Datei an, die '2*3' heisst
# Versuchen Sie eine Datei anzulegen, die "///A///' heist.


= Redirection - part 2 =
⚫
* ls * 2> /dev/null
⚫
* ls 2>&1 | more
⚫
* << END
[[UnixTools01_11|genauer]]


== Getting help ==
⚫
* grep --help


= Alias =
Q&E:
* alias ll='ls -lisa'
# Normalerweise gibt grep alle diejenigen Zeilen der Eingabe aus, die ein angegebenes Muster enthalten. Lesen Sie die Hilfe-Seite des Befehls grep, und finden Sie heraus, wie Sie grep aufrufen müsen, damit alle Zeilen ausgegeben werden, die ein bestimmtes Mustzer NICHT enthalten.
* .bashrc (erstes Kennenlernen)
[[UnixTools01_13|genauer]]


= Spraxche ändern =
export LANG=en_US
export LANGUAGE=en_US

export LANG=ru-RU
export LANGUAGE=ru-RU
[[UnixTools01_14|genauer]]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 13 December 2024

Unix-Tools - Teil 1 (für Anfänger)

Files, Directories, Working Directory

  • ls
  • pwd
  • cd
  • ls -l
  • Die Verzeichnisse . und ..

genauer


Path Names

  • a/b/c relativer Path
  • /a/b/c absoluter Path
  • usage of <TAB> when entering file names in bash
  • ~/..
  • /tmp/../etc/../../bin/../usr
  • /usr/bin/././..

genauer


Basic Shell Commands

  • cat
  • touch
  • rm
  • mkdir
  • rmdir
  • mv

genauer


Using Wildcards to identify files

  • echo Hello World
  • echo *
  • ls *
  • ls *.*
  • ls a*
  • ls *a
  • ls *a*
  • rm /tmp/a*
  • ls /tmp/[a-c]*
  • ls /*/bin/a*

genauer


Editor - Erstellen und Bearbeiten von Text-Dateie n

  • nano
  • alternatives: vi, vim, nedit, emacs

genauer


more basic tools

  • more
  • wc
  • grep
  • tail
  • head
  • find
  • Expert Tipp: grep muster $(find / -name patern -print)

genauer


Getting help

  • grep --help

genauer


Redirection - part 1

redirecting output of a programm to another file

  • ls /bin/a* > file.txt
  • ls > /dev/null

append output to a file

  • ls /bin/b* >> file.txt

let a programm take its input from a file (redirecting input)

  • more < file.txt
  • wc < file.txt

let the output of programm be used as input of another program

  • ls -lisa /bin | more
  • ls -lisa /bin | wc

genauer


Argumente mit Sonderzeichen

  • touch "Good Morning"
  • touch '$*()#!'

genauer


Redirection - part 2

  • ls * 2> /dev/null
  • ls 2>&1 | more
  • << END

genauer


Alias

  • alias ll='ls -lisa'
  • .bashrc (erstes Kennenlernen)

genauer


Spraxche ändern

 export LANG=en_US
 export LANGUAGE=en_US

 export LANG=ru-RU
 export LANGUAGE=ru-RU

genauer

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