NAT Traversal

Overview

NAT (Network Address Translation) is widely used to connect private networks to the internet. The main idea is to map several private IP addresses to only one public IP address. Having in mind that P2P network clients should be able to communicate with each other one basic question comes into mind: how can internet hosts communicate with a host in a private network? We will first have a look at NAT itself and problems it brings. Then, we show how to traverse NATs by either changing their configuration or by using other tricks.

Hole punching

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